Cultures & Etiquette

There are three major ethnic groups in Bhutan with their own dialect, namely,

1. Sharchogpa (speaking  Sharchogpa kha): Sharchogpa meaning easterners are from the Eastern part of Bhutan and are recognized as the original inhabitant of the country. They are indo-mongoloid and is unclear where they migrated from and when they arrived in Bhutan.
2. Ngalong (speaking Dzongkha): Ngalongs are considered to be the Tibetan descendants who arrive Bhutan in the ninth century during the political unstability in Tibet. These immigrants settled in the western part of the country.
3. Lhotshampa (Nepali): Nepalis started migrating into Bhutan and settled in the south during the late 19^th century. Lhotshampa represents numerous Nepali-speaking ethnic groups suchas the Brahman, Chettri, Gurung, Rai and Limbus.
4. Minority groups: Bumthap, Mangdip, Kurtoep, Khengpa, Layap, Brokpa and Tibetan form about 1% of the population. Many of this group comprise fewer than 1000 people. 

Bhutanese are considered quite open and liberal compare to its neighbouring countries. There are many complex customs and traditions in Bhutan, but you are not expected to follow all of these. Just follow the western standards of common courtesy and be respectful of religious sentiment. Most important, ask your guide before doing anything. You should also follow the normal Asian standards of courtesy and behavior in Bhutan. These include respect for religion and the monarchy, modest dress and no public displays of affection. In most of the Temples and monasteries shoes are not allowed, please remove before entering.

Appropriate Dress:  Men:  Trousers are best.  Men should always wear a shirt in public.  T-shirts are acceptable.  If you would like to wear shorts, please bring longer shorts (for instance Gurkha shorts).  Short jogging shorts are not appropriate.

Appropriate Dress:  Women:  In Bhutan, pants are probably the best choice.  However, many women also find that a long skirt is great for travel and always puts most local people at ease.  Many women find  trekking in long johns or tights and a skirt is a functional combination.  During the trek shorts are okay to wear, however, during your sightseeing you will not be allowed to enter Temples and monasteries if in shorts.  Long or short sleeve shirts are best.  This means halter-tops, jog-bras and thin blouses are not appropriate attire.  There are no reliable feminine health supplies available in these countries.  You are advised to bring these items with you.